The Ultimate Guide To Ghosting: Why People Do It, How To Respond & More

Kelly Gonsalves
Contributing Sex & Relationships Editor
August 26, 2022
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Your date from last weekend still hasn't texted you back about hanging out again. A promising new lead at work suddenly stopped responding after you shared your rates. The guy on Facebook Marketplace who offered to buy your old television just never came to pick it up, and you never heard from him again.

It comes in many different forms, but the experience of being ghosted is universal. And most of us would probably agree: ghosting sucks.

What is ghosting?

Ghosting is when someone stops responding to messages and disappears from a relationship without explanation, usually in the context of dating. The term can also be used for any situation where a person abruptly stops communicating or showing up, such as when a friend starts ignoring your texts or when an employee just stops showing up to work without ever formally quitting.

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"Ghosting exists on a spectrum and can happen at literally any part of dating, from disappearing from a chat on a dating app and unmatching, to leaving your text messages on 'Read' after a date, to cutting off all communication with you after years of dating," explains sex and dating coach Myisha Battle, M.S. "All of this is ghosting behavior."

Many relationship experts discourage ghosting because of the way it affects the person being ghosted. "It leaves the other person to guess at what they did or didn't do to cause you to ditch them. That guessing is the specter that looms in people's lives after a disappearance," Battle tells mbg.

According to clinical psychologist Carla Marie Manly, Ph.D., that lack of closure can trigger feelings of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, and even reduced self-esteem in the person being ghosted. "In general, ghosting is disrespectful and tends to perpetuate patterns of dismissiveness and avoidance," she says.

13 examples of ghosting:

  1. Ignoring or choosing not to respond to someone's texts or emails indefinitely
  2. Leaving someone's text messages on "Read"...forever
  3. Going on a date with someone and then never speaking with them again, despite them trying to follow up
  4. Unmatching with someone on a dating app in the middle of a conversation without explanation
  5. No longer responding to a friend or someone you'd been talking with regularly, even when they reach out multiple times trying to get in touch
  6. Suddenly cutting off all communication with someone after dating for months or even years
  7. Intentionally responding slowly, briefly, or noncommittally to texts so they eventually stop reaching out
  8. Setting up a date with someone and just not showing up, with no explanation, follow-ups, or apology
  9. Interviewing someone for a job and then never letting them know if they didn't get the position
  10. Quitting your job without telling your employer
  11. Suddenly stopping showing up to your sessions with a therapist, personal trainer, etc., without telling them that you're no longer wanting to work with them
  12. Scheduling an appointment but then never showing up, without warning or explanation
  13. Sending someone a DM but then never saying anything else after they respond
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How the term became popularized.

The phenomenon of ghosting has likely been around since the dawn of time. Consider the cavewomen who had to start getting choosy with their sexual partners because they didn't want to birth a child with someone who could disappear without a trace shortly thereafter, or the lovelorn man in Colonial times pouring his heart out in handwritten letters to some distant lover, only to never hear back. Many a '90s rom-com, too, featured a despondent leading lady hovering over a landline telephone for days on end, waiting hopelessly for the guy who took her out a few days ago to call her up and ask her out again. (He often never did.)

While the behavior itself isn't new, the term "ghosting" itself rose to popularity in the early 2010s. In 2015, after online tabloids ran headlines about how Charlize Theron "ghosted" Sean Penn, the New York Times even wrote an explainer on the term, calling it "the ultimate silent treatment." Merriam-Webster added it to the dictionary in 2017.

It makes sense that ghosting would get a lot of people talking around this time: With technology rapidly transforming the speed and ease with which people could communicate with one another, ghosting behavior likely felt even more pronounced than ever. While mailing a letter just to reject someone may have been legitimately too much time and effort back in the day, the fact that people were still disappearing on each other without a trace even now that a kinder closure was literally just a few quick button taps away...harsh!

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Dating apps were also just beginning to enter into the cultural mainstream, with Tinder launching in 2012. (Though to be fair, what's often thought of as the world's first online dating site, Match.com, launched in 1995, and we can only imagine people ghosted one another as much then as they do on today's best dating apps.)

In a world where it can feel like you have nearly endless potential people to chat with, it's become easier than ever to start talking to someone regardless of whether you're actually interested in continuing the conversation with them over time. People start to feel like just pictures on your screen rather than real-life humans whose feelings you have to care about. And more starts with less follow-through (and less care) unfortunately means more ghosting.

Why do people ghost?

There are so many reasons why people ghost, but here are a few of the main ones specific to dating:

1.

They've moved on, and they don't care enough about the other person to tell them.

In most cases, people ghost because they're no longer interested in pursuing a relationship with the other person. Instead of telling them that upfront, they go for the easiest and most convenient route: just stop responding.

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"Ghosting arises due to a lack of concern and empathy for others," Manly explains, and she notes that this is true in most ghosting situations. It's selfish, passive-aggressive behavior that is grounded, as Manly notes, in dismissiveness and avoidance.

2.

They got too busy or stressed.

The other most common reason for ghosting? They just have a lot going on in their own life.

"Sometimes when people ghost us, it's because they are focused on other things or may be isolating themselves because they are feeling depressed," marriage and family therapist Patrice N. Douglas, LMFT, previously told mbg. "Everything isn't always about us, so we can't panic right away."

They may honestly just be too busy at the moment and distracted by other life happenings, Manly notes, such as work stress, mental health issues, or other challenges. And sometimes a person may forget to respond to a text initially or plan to respond to it later when they have time or energy, but then enough time passes that they feel like there's no point in saying anything anymore.

3.

They're worried about hurting the other person's feelings.

In some cases, people ghost because they don't want to hurt the other person's feelings, Manly adds. But if that's why you're choosing to ghost someone, the truth is that it's counterproductive: "Unfortunately, being ghosted often causes far more irritation and pain than straightforward 'I'm moving on' or 'We're not a good fit' comments might create," she says.

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4.

They're uncomfortable with hard conversations.

Ghosting can also happen when someone is just anxious about ending the relationship because they struggle with hard conversations in general. According to licensed counselor Shae Ivie-Williams, LPC, BC-TMH, CCTP, people with certain backgrounds may be more likely to ghost: "[They] may not want to have those hard conversations because maybe their family didn't have hard conversations when they were young," she previously told mbg. "And so having those types of conversations involves vulnerability." 

But even though people may find it uncomfortable to reject someone, they may be making it worse by opting to ghost: "It also doesn't feel great to be the ghoster!" Battle points out. "Most people experience some amount of guilt for ghosting."

She adds, "I have coached people on how to communicate more directly rather than ghost. Most of the time it feels harder initially, but much better afterward compared to ghosting. I've even had cases where the other person has thanked my client for not ghosting them!"

5.

It's a power play.

Sometimes a person may choose to ghost someone because they enjoy the sense of power it gives them over the situation, says Manly. This may especially be true if the "ghoster" feels like they were wronged by the other person or if they just think the other person is a jerk, loser, or otherwise unworthy of their time. It can also just be an attempt to feel powerful, at another person's expense.

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6.

They're concerned for their own safety.

Last but not least, both Manly and Battle note there's actually one valid reason for ghosting: fearing for one's safety. "If a person is afraid that they are in an emotionally or physically dangerous situation, ghosting is often the safest exit strategy," says Manly. A person may be concerned that the other person may respond poorly to rejection by lashing out, and so leaving quietly feels like the safer thing to do.

FAQs

How long does it take before it's ghosting?

There's not a set amount of time it takes before it's considered ghosting, and it doesn't matter how long you've known the person. If they stop communicating with you completely without a word despite your follow-ups, it's ghosting.

As far as how long to wait before moving on and assuming the ghost is officially gone, it depends. "If it is someone you recently met, it can be two weeks before it's time to move on. If it's a longer relationship, it ranges up to a month," says Douglas. "It truly depends on the circumstances around what was occurring before the ghosting occurred. Sometimes people just need space, and it's up to your comfort level of the time frame you want to allow for space."

Do people ever come back after ghosting?

Yes, people can sometimes come back after ghosting. This is sometimes referred to as getting zombied, i.e., someone first ghosts you but then reappears out of nowhere as if nothing happened.

Even if a person does come back after ghosting, it's important to get clarity as to why they disappeared and why they're suddenly coming back before you decide whether to let them back into your life. They may have just honestly been busy at the time of their disappearance and earnestly want to give it another go dating you, or they could just be bored and lonely and using you to fill the time—with all intentions of ghosting you again later.

Should I reach out to the person who ghosted me?

You absolutely can! If the person who ghosted you is someone you're legitimately interested in or whose disappearance has really hurt you, you can reach out to them to ask what's going on. They may respond and give you a good explanation for their behavior, and if they're genuinely interested in you, you may even be able to pick the relationship back up.

"If you ghosted because of a personal reason that you just didn't know how to address with the other person, you can try to open the conversation again and let them know what happened," says Battle. "Starting from a place of honesty and vulnerability could help reanimate a previously ghosted connection."

However, there's also a chance that you reach out to the person who ghosted you, and they continue to be unresponsive. If nothing else, that will tell you all you need to know about how that person really feels about you.

Is ghosting abuse?

"Ghosting can certainly be emotionally abusive in nature," Manly says. "Especially if the relationship was deeply connective or promises were made, the person who was ghosted can certainly suffer from significant anxiety and depression related to the ghosting incident."

Is ghosting ever OK?

Yes, ghosting is OK in situations where you're concerned about the other person lashing out at you for rejecting them. "In cases where people are jerks to you, cross your boundaries in some way, or display characteristics that feel unsafe for you to engage with them again, ghosting might be the best option," Battle says.

How to respond to ghosting.

How you respond to ghosting depends on what you want out of the situation and out of your relationship with this person.

If you're not interested in this person anymore, just leave it be and move on. You really don't need to say anything to them, and the sooner you can get them out of your head, the better.

If this is a person you are still interested in dating or having in your life, just reach out again one more time and ask what's going on. Be direct.

Here are some things you can say:

  • "Hey! Haven't heard from you in a while. Are you still down to hang out again?"
  • "Hey, stranger. I miss you! Everything OK?"
  • "Hey, are you still interested in getting to know each other? It's OK if not—just wanna know what's going on!"
  • "Hey! I haven't heard from you in a while. I've been enjoying hanging out and would love to get together again. Where's your head at?"
  • "Hi, I know you've been really busy lately, but can you let me know if everything's OK?"
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How they respond will tell you everything you need to know. If they're still interested, they'll respond positively—maybe they'll apologize, maybe they'll have a legitimate explanation for why they've been unresponsive lately, and ideally they'll show some indication that they want to keep getting to know you. If they're not interested, this will be their opportunity to let you know. And if they don't respond again—well, that's them letting you know they're truly done.

The takeaway.

When in doubt, talk it out. If you think someone is ghosting you, reach out one more time and ask them directly about what's going on and whether they're still interested in pursuing things with you. If you don't hear from them, it's time to move on.

And remember: While rejection stings, ghosting is almost always much more about the ghost's issues than it is about issues with the person being ghosted. In fact, getting ghosted says essentially nothing about you.

"Having someone ghost you says infinitely more about them than it does about you," spiritual teacher Monica Berg writes at mbg. "You're getting a firsthand look at how this person, who just days ago was so marvelous, actually handles their emotions, your emotions, and difficult circumstances in general. 'Runs away at any sign of conflict' typically doesn't make anyone's list of dream qualities in a partner, and you got to see that clearly and upfront."

And if you're the one doing the ghosting? Unless there are safety concerns at play, please know there are much better ways to reject people. Be brave, be kind, and be upfront. Don't ghost. 

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7 Easy, Expert-Backed Exercises To Help Keep Your Eyes Sharp 

Molly Knudsen, M.S., RDN
Registered Dietitian Nutritionist
Close up of eyes
Image by PeopleImages / iStock
We carefully vet all products and services featured on mindbodygreen using our commerce guidelines. Our selections are never influenced by the commissions earned from our links.

By now, we know that exercising can help strengthen and grow our muscles. But does the same principle apply to our eyes? 

Today's technology-oriented lifestyle has most adults stuck in front of the screen for at least eight hours a day (and that could just be work!). Add phone use or a nightly TV wind-down and that number can creep up to 12 hours. 

And gazing intently (at anything) close up puts strain on your eyes. To help counter this and promote optimal eye health and longevity, many optometrists recommend certain eye exercises. But don't worry, these don't require hours at the gym to see results.

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Here's what the experts want you to know. 

What are eye exercises? 

First and foremost, the eyes are an organ, not a muscle. So unlike muscle fibers that grow in response to exercise, eyes do not respond in the same way. 

"None of the eye muscles need strengthening—they're all strong enough to do the job they need to do," says Jeffery Anshel, O.D., FAAO. "For example, the muscles on the outside of the eye, that move the eyes up and down and left and right are 200 times stronger than they need to be to move an eyeball."

So eye exercises—or more accurately eye techniques—are intended to help the eyes focus (aka control the muscles), stay flexible (move from looking up close to afar), and coordinate (which actually occurs in the brain). 

Eye exercises can be useful for those with strained eyes (usually from looking at something closely for long periods), light sensitivity, motion sensitivity, and more. 

So we tapped into three experts for their most recommended eye exercises: 

1.

The 20-20-20 rule

Anshel recommends that most heavy computer users follow the 20-20-20 rule: "Just take 20 seconds and look 20 feet away every 20 minutes." 

It's easy to get lost in a rabbit hole when working away on the computer (as a writer, I know that all too well), and sometimes hours pass before you even look around. 

Taking less than a minute to focus on something besides your screen every hour—and yes you can just close your eyes for 20 seconds—can help ease eye strain and maybe even signs of dry eyes.

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2.

Near-far focus shifting

Another technique Anshel recommends (and has even practiced himself) is often referred to as near-far focus shifting. 

For this, you want to cover one eye and then look far away (it could be looking at the far end of the room you're in, for example). Focus on that spot until it's clear, and then look at something up close (it could be a hand or something at the edge of your desk) until it's clear.

Then look back at the far spot. Do this for around 12 reps. Once you've mastered the distance you started with, make your far spot even farther away. 

"After age 40, our focusing ability decreases," notes Anshel. This exercise can help improve coordination between the eyes and the speed at which you're able to adjust your eyes.

3.

Concentration practice

Christine Tara Peterson, Ph.D., AHP, RYT, practitioner and researcher in Ayurveda and yoga, encourages people to try a simple concentration exercise. 

"Start with holding a pen or other small object at arm's length and focus on it," she says. "Then, slowly move the object toward your nose, keeping your focus on it."

Stop when the object becomes blurry and then repeat 10 to 15 times. 

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4.

Palming 

If you want a relaxing escape without leaving your desk during the workday, consider palming. 

Palming is a relaxation technique that involves covering your closed eyes with your palms.

"Create a warm, dark environment by cupping your hands over your eyes without putting pressure on them," says Peterson. "Take a few deep breaths and relax your eyes for a minute or two."

While your eyes get a nice break from light and up-close concentration, it's also an opportunity to briefly quiet your mind

5.

Figure eights

Marina Gurvich, O.D., recommends drawing a figure eight with your eyes. 

To do this, stare at a blank wall in the distance (it shouldn't be blurry). "Imagine a figure eight on its side (like the infinity sign). Without moving the head, trace it with your eyes in one direction for a few seconds and then the other direction for a few seconds," she instructs. 

Repeat this 10 times. 

6.

Flexing

 This exercise may help stretch your eye muscles. 

"Sit with your face looking straight ahead at a distance," says Gurvich. "Without moving the head, simply move the eyes up and hold for a few seconds, then down and hold for a few seconds."

Do this 10 times before doing this same sequence from left to right.   

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7.

Clock circles 

This exercise involves moving your eyes in a circular motion as if you're tracing the numbers of a clock. 

Peterson emphasizes, "While there isn't strong empirical research to definitively establish the efficacy of clock circle eye exercises, I personally find in clinical practice and with myself that they help greatly with tired, heavy computer eyes and eye dryness from too much screen time."

Do these eye exercises work? 

According to Gurvich, these exercises can be very effective. "The practice of vision therapy originated more than 150 years ago," she notes. "The eyes need training to build strength and flexibility for eye teaming and tracking to improve visual function and performance." 

But Peterson emphasizes that the results may vary person to person depending on your individual needs and eye concerns.

While eye exercises are by no means a new concept, research is still trying to catch up and quantify the exact benefits of these techniques. 

Other ways to improve eye health

In addition to trying eye exercises, there are a slew of other steps you can take to protect your vision and support eye health: 

  1. Get an annual eye exam: According to the American Optometric Association, all adults (and children over 6) should have a yearly eye exam to monitor and assess ocular health and vision changes. 
  2. Supplement as needed: Certain nutrients can significantly impact—and improve—eye health. These include carotenoidsomega-3s, and maqui berry to name a few. mindbodygreen's eye health+ is specifically formulated with science-backed ingredients that increase eye hydration, reduce eye strain, and combat sensitivity to light.* Check out this guide for a full list of favorite eye health supplements.
  3. Wear sunglasses outside: Too much UV exposure can be damaging to the eyes. If you're outside (or even driving) for more than 15 to 30 minutes, make sure you have your shades on. 
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The takeaway 

The eyes are designed to help us see things far away. Thus the strain of looking at things close up for extended periods can mess with your vision and brain. 

Eye exercises can help combat some of the negative outcomes of these modern-day problems by helping your eyes focus and work together as a team. Talk with a health care provider if you have questions about which exercises may be most beneficial for the eye concerns you're experiencing. 

These exercises just require a couple of minutes of your day and are a great addition to other daily eye care habits—like taking a targeted supplement and wearing sunglasses. 

If you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications, consult with your doctor before starting a supplement routine. It is always optimal to consult with a health care provider when considering what supplements are right for you.
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